Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: John Vol. 2
New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1869
From the text
The opening of the work as printed, in the spelling of this edition.
530 BROADWAT. 1879. PREFACE I SEND forth the volume now in the reader's hands, with much diflSdence, and a very deep sense of responsibility. It is no light matter to publish an exposition of any book in the Bible. It is a peculiarly serious undertak- ing to attempt a Commentary on the Gospel of St. John. I do not forget that we are all apt to exaggerate the diflBculties of our own particular department of literary labour. But I think every intelligent student of Scrip- ture will bear me out when I say, that St. John's Gospel is pre-eminently full of things " hard to be understood." (2 Pet. iii. 16.) It contains a large portion of our Lord Jesus Christ's doctrinal teaching. It abounds in " deep things of God," and " sayings of the King," which we feel instinctively we have no line to fully fathom, no mind to fully comprehend, no words to fully explain. It must needs be that such a book of Scripture should be difficult. I can truly say that I have commented on (^ many a verse in this Gospel with fear and trembling.
prehend, no words to fully explain. It must needs be that such a book of Scripture should be difficult. I can truly say that I have commented on (^ many a verse in this Gospel with fear and trembling. I ^ have often said to myself, " Who is sufficient for these \ things?" — "The place whereon thou standest is holy jA ground." (2 Cor. ii. 16 ; Exod. iii. 5.) N The nature of the work now published, requires a few words of explanation. It is a continuation of the " Expo- ^ sitory Thoughts on the Gospels," of which four volumes, ^ comprising the first three Gaspels, have been already ^ Bent forth. Like the volumes on St. Matthew, St. Mart IV PBEFACE. and St. Luke, the basis of the work is a continuous series of short expositions, intended for family or private read ing, or for the use of tliose who visit the sick and the poor. But, unlike the previous volumes, the work now in the reader's hands contains full explanatory notes on every verse of the portions expounded, forming, in fact, n complete Commentary.
ck and the poor. But, unlike the previous volumes, the work now in the reader's hands contains full explanatory notes on every verse of the portions expounded, forming, in fact, n complete Commentary. This "Commentary" is so extensive that it occupies far more space than the " Expository Thoughts," and is, I must honestly confess, the principal part of the work. To some it may appear far too long and full. But the circumstances of the times are my justification.* We live in a day of abounding vagueness and indistinctness on doctrinal subjects in religion. Now, if ever, it is the duty of all advocates of clear, well-defined, sharply-cut theology, to supply proof that their views are thoroughly borne out by Scripture. I have endeavoured to do so in this Commentary. I hold that the Gospel of St John, rightly interpreted, is the best and simplest answer to those who profess to admire a vague and indistinct Chris- tianity.
St John, rightly interpreted, is the best and simplest answer to those who profess to admire a vague and indistinct Chris- tianity.
* The expectations of Bengel, the German commentator, appear likely to be fulfilled with curious accuracy in the present day. He said, in the year A. D. 1740, — "Though Sodnianism atid Popery at present appear mutually aloof, they will in process of time form a mighty confluence, that will burst all bounds, and bring everything to a crisis. We may expect it in the following way. The residue of heavenly influence on the professing Church, as a body, will have utterly evaporated, its holy things having been already more and more prostituted to the spirit of this world. The Holy Spirit being thus withdrawn from the camp at large, the world will deem its own victory and triumph secured. Now, therefore, a spirit of liberal Latitudinarianism will prevail everywhere,— a notion that every one may be right in his own way of thinking, and consequently that all is well with the Jew, the Turk, and the Pagan.
spirit of liberal Latitudinarianism will prevail everywhere,— a notion that every one may be right in his own way of thinking, and consequently that all is well with the Jew, the Turk, and the Pagan. Ideas of this kind will wonderfully prepare men for embracing the false prophet." {Life of Bengdj Walker's edition, page 322.) How painfully correct these prognostications, made 125 years ago, have proved, any one who observes the state of religious feeling in England must know only too well I PREFACE. ▼ The theological stand-point which the writer of this Commentary occupies will be obvious to any intelligent reader. Such an one will see at a glance that I belong to that school in the Church of England which, rightly or wrongly, is called " Evangelical." He will see that I have no sympathy whatever with either Romish or Neologian tendencies. He will see that I hold firmly the distinctive theological views of the Reformers and doctrinal Puritans, and that I totally disapprove the loose and broad theology of some modern schools of divines.
He will see that I hold firmly the distinctive theological views of the Reformers and doctrinal Puritans, and that I totally disapprove the loose and broad theology of some modern schools of divines. — But while I say all this, I must be allowed to add, that in interpreting Scripture, I "call no man mas* ter or father." I abhor the idea of wresting and warp- ' ing God's Word in order to made it support party viewa Throughout this Commentary I have endeavoured ho- nestly and conscientiously to find out the real meaning of every sentence on which I have commented. I have evaded no diflBculty, and shrunk from no inference. I have simply followed Scripture wherever its words seem- ed to point, and accepted whatever they seemed to mean. I have never hesitated to express my disagreement from the views of other commentators if occasion required ; but when I have done so I have tried to do it with courtesy and respect. On one point of vast importance in the present day, the reader will see that 1 hold very decided opinions.
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- ROBERT CARTER & BROTHERS,
- To some it may appear far too long and full. But the
- Divine inspiration, and is the Word of God. I entirely
- Bible is little better than no Bible at all. Give me the
- In preparing this Commentary I have made it a point
- Tholuck, and Tittman, I have generally laid down their
- Ignorance of Scripture is the root of everv error in
- 8. The beginnings of some Christians very
- EXPOSITOEY THOUGHTS
- God. St. John tells us that " the Word was God." He
- He is a strong foundation-stone, able to bear the weight of
- It contains, firom time to time, explanatory com-
- Several of the fathers dwell strongly on the immense import-
- This is also shown by Suicer to be the view of Chrysostom,
- Jesus Christ, the eternal Word, was in nature, essence, and sub-
- We must not suppose that the repetition of this second verse
- Alford, and most modem commentators, that the expression in-
- At this point, the remark of Bengel upon the whole passage
- We have it in the words, " He was the true light which
- Bake. He naade them sons and daughters of the Lord
- Baptist's testimony, Andrew was led to beKeye in Jesus and
- Some think, as Augustine, that Christ lighteth all that are
- Terse and the contents of the latter part of the Ist chapter of
- Christ gave His disciples the far higher privilege of being
- It is to God's ftfifi^ace, preventing, calling, converting, renew-
- He constantly manifested His divine nature during His
- And the end for which He became flesh, was that He might
- I and perfect man. Who, although He be God and man, yet He
- For want of a clear understanding of this union of two natures
- There is a difference of opinion among commentators as to the
- Sonship now before us, we must carefully remember, is not to
- Him without measure, full of kindness, love, and favour to man ;
- We are taught, secondly, the vast superiority of Christ
- He says Himself, " I and my Father are one." " He that
- Him for His people. It is from Christ and Christ alone, that all
- Ephes. V. 31.) In composition it also signifies " opposition,"
- The sentence before us speaks of man, being written for man's
- ^Baxter
- John the Baptist was an eminent saint of God. There
- God's promises. They were confident that they themselves
- Jews to John than to Christ, both in tHe persons stmt, and in! . , r
- Jjpf John the Baptist, as well as his a^earing in the wilderness,
- He knew that the Jews were
- Augustine says, " What John was to the first advent, Elias
- His ministry they may nq^Jae found unprepare3?^
- One thing is very clear from this verse. The Jews were not
- Bengel remarks, that John is here specially "addressing
- Let OS notice, firstly, in this passage, t/ie peculiar tuzme-^ ^
- The sin that He took up and bore on the cross was the sin
- Lamb of God, or have never sought Him by faith, that
- I am aware the objection is often made, that ^^if Christ taketh
- BrentiuB says, ''Although all the men in the world do not
- Lord receiyed visible attestation firom heaven, and was publicly
- He had begun from His earlyaget^ jKork miracles, neither /
- Christian. / They describe the first beginnings of the
- Ko sooner does Andrew become a disciple, than he tells
- If, as many suppose, St. John was one of the two who this day
- To apply the text, as many do, to our Lord's spiritual dwell-
- or
- Nifanius gives the names of three Popes who have so grossly
- I saw thee under the fig tree, be-
- The condescension of our Lord in living thirty years in such
- Nathanael drew the inference that Messiah^s days were come,
- Tyndale's, and Cranmer's versions, all render the expression as
- Our Lord spoke of His second coming and kingdonL When He
- Life. 4. Light. 5. The true light. 6. The only begotten of
- On the contrary, it was intended „lo increase real joy and
- Father in Heaven. He simply willed the change, and it
- The one is a mere irreligious assembly for pleasure and recrea-
- He would prove Himself the Messiah by some mighty act. And
- Virgin Mary, and especially prayers entreating her to " command
- At any rate the verse contains a
- Christ*s voice, and do as He tells them, and then leave the result
- Why does the wine after consecration taste Uke wine, jusf as it
- John the Baptist, you hear of his strict diet, and so the first time
- Adam and Christ, one cannot but feel that there is something
- We see, for one thing, in this passage, how much Christ \
- We seejlor another thing, in this passage, how men may
- Lord saw clearly, if others around Him did not. Andrew,
- V throughout His earthly ministry, may be doubted. We see her
- His crucifixion, are points on which there is much difference of
- His presence, not by exhibiting temporal power, but by insisting
- JOHN, €HAP. II. Ill
- They knew that Ue was light ^and they were wrong. For
- If Both the expressions deserve particular notice, because many
- Let it be noted, that as our Lord calls His own body a " tem-
- Jerusalem. (jThe miracles which are related as having heenjL
- The conversation between Christ and Nicodemus, which
- Him, and hanged himself 1 This is a fact which ought not
- God." Heaven may be reached without money, or rank, ^
- And now let ns solemnly ask ourselves, Whether we
- Rab-saris and Rab-shakeh. (2 Kinga xviii. 17.) The use of the
- I am aware that some have thought that Nioodemus attached
- Some think that to be "bora again,*' means to be admitted
- No one can be literally " born of water." What then does the
- The third, and much the least common interpretation, is to
- There is no evading this conclusion^ unless we adopt the absurd
- and in
- With regard to the Lutheran writers, their avowed opinions
- In leaving the whole subject^ there is one fact which I think
- It is a noteworthy and striking fact^ that no doctrine has cx«
- For another thing, it seems to me very strange to
- Ws have in these verses the secoj^hpart of the conversa-
- It is not true that God's love is "lower than hell." It is :-
- The truth before us is the very foundation-stone of the
- Nicodemus begin Bke a little child, by simply believing on Him
- The last of these five opinions appears to me by far the most
- The difficulty of the verse lies in the two expressions, " earth-
- Prov. XXX. 34. According to this view, the verse must be t^en
- The Greek word which we render *' but," I am inclined to
- The mention of Moses, of whom the Pharisees thought so
- The points of resemblance appear to me to be these.— .^
- The salvation of the Gos pel is exceedingly full. It is not merely
- Christiarjty open to the modern charges brought against it as
- Son, that what sinner soever belie veth in Him should not perish
- It should be observed that our Lord calls Himself " the only
- Nicodemus another "^eaxeoly. thing." He shows him the main
- His Son to be the salvation of the world."
- Melancthon remarks that the sentence of God's condemnation,
- The espression " this is the condemnation," is evidently very
- God's siprht, and whose actions are consequently evil and un-
- Xk whos e heart is honest, the m an wh o ja truly converted, however
- Lord's address to Nicodemus are a most instructive test of the
- John the Baptist were offended, bepauso the ministry of
- Cbiist must and will become greater and greater, and
- Lord's own eye, and by our Lord's own command, was not aa
- Brentius, Lightfoot, and most of the Protestant commentators,
- The changes which proper names undergo in passing from one
- Controversies about baptism certainly appear to be among the
- Cyril remarks on this verse, how admirably God can bring
- Christ by a familiar illustration. In tracing it out, it is of great
- Baw the successful progress of his mission, and seeing and hear-
- Christ. To a decaying .chjirch the sun is going down, and the
- They contain no truth which he was not likely to know. I sec
- The notion of Augustine's, that "no man," in this sentence
- Himself. As Quesnel says, **He spoke by the Holy Ghost, who
- Spirit of the Son. As God, it is impossible that He can be
- Son. It is that love to which our Lord refers in the words,
- Many will go to hell, because their ministers never told them
- But baptism was never meant to be exalted to the position
- Our Redeemer is man as well as God, and God as well as
- The reasons assigned for our Lord's not administering baptism
- [He must needs go through Samaria.'] Many pious and pro-
- Some think, as Chrysostom, Theophylact, Euthymius, Muscu-
- Jesus, in the passage bef )re us, sat wearied on the well at the
- The arrival of the Samaritan woman at this hour of the day gave
- Sir, give me this water, that I thirst
- Gospel. They should carefully copy their Master's exi
- We should mark, lastly, Christie gracious willingness to
- Pharisees, and Priests, to 'converse with and convert such a per-
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